Decoding FX CFD

Onisha Thye, Dealing

Onisha is a dealer at the CFD Dealing Desk. She graduated from Monash University with a double major in finance and econometrics. Her natural curiosity for finance is what drove her to be in this field as she is fascinated by all the possibilities and opportunities that are available to grow one’s wealth, either through trading or investment.

The foreign exchange market commonly known as the forex or FX market, is a cornerstone of the global financial markets. It is the most active market in the world, with global traded value hitting a record high of US$7.5 trillion a day in April 2022 [1]. This dynamic market serves as a platform for price discovery, offering opportunities for traders to capitalise on the fluctuations in currency prices to make profits. In this article, we will explain the fundamentals of forex to help guide you in your trading journey and explore its mechanics.

The forex market is a decentralised global marketplace where all world currencies are traded. This massive network operates round the clock connecting all the forex market participants. The main objective of forex is to exchange one currency for another, at a mutually agreed rate.

The forex market is diverse and accommodates a broad range of participants. At one end, central banks, large commercial banks, brokers and corporates conduct substantial transactions; on the other end, individual retail traders and institutional investors engage in speculative trading or hedging activities. This blend of participants not only adds to the market’s rich liquidity but also contributes to its inherent volatility, making the forex market a uniquely vibrant financial arena.

Accessibility in the forex market is a key feature that enables individuals to participate in currency trading, regardless of their geographical location or financial background. This has empowered a new generation of traders and transformed the landscape of global finance. The rise of online trading platforms has revolutionised access to the forex market, making it possible for participants with an internet connection to trade using their desktop or mobile device, from anywhere. In the past, currency trading was largely restricted to financial institutions and high net worth individuals.

At Phillip Securities, we offer forex trading in the form of Contracts for Difference (CFD), on various platforms, POEMS 2.0, POEMS Mobile 3 App and POEMS CFD MT5 for trading at your fingertips.

CFD is an Over-the-Counter (OTC) derivative financial product that allows you to trade the price movement of the underlying asset. CFD is traded on margin and you do not own the underlying asset when you trade CFDs. CFDs are available on a range of underlying assets, such as equities, indices, FX and commodities. To learn more about CFD, please refer to this “Understanding Contract for Difference (CFD)” Article [2].

The forex market operates round the clock, 24 hours 5 days a week due to its global nature and the involvement of various financial centres across different time zones. This continuous operation benefits traders globally, as it accommodates different schedules and allows them to participate in the forex market at their convenience.

In the forex market, currencies are represented by 3 letter codes and are quoted in pairs. For instance, EUR/USD, USD/JPY and GBP/USD are common symbols. From the image above, GBP is the “base currency” while the USD is the “quote currency”.

The first currency listed in the forex pair is the base currency where it serves as the reference point for the exchange rate. The second currency listed is the quote currency which represents the value of one unit of the base currency in terms of the quote currency.

The 1.5143 exchange rate in the image indicates how much of USD (quote currency) is needed to purchase one unit of GBP (base currency). This rate reflects the relative strength or weaknesses of the two currencies in the pair. Therefore, 1 GBP is equivalent to 1.5143 USD. Based on this quotation, profit and loss will be reflected in USD, the quoted currency.

A ‘pip’ is a standardised unit that refers to the movement in the 4th or 2nd decimal places for most currency pairs.

In pairs like GBP/USD, 1 pip corresponds to a movement up to five decimal places, which is 0.0001.t. However, for currency pairs involving the Japanese Yen (JPY), such as the USD/JPY in the image above, 1 pip equates to a movement up to three decimal places, or 0.001. This subtle difference is crucial for accurately calculating profits and losses in FX CFD trading.

In forex trading, the ‘spread’ is the fundamental concept that refers to the difference between the bid and ask prices of a currency pair. It is essential for traders to understand this as it directly influences the cost of entering and existing trades.

Source: Poems [3]

Spreads are usually measured in pips, which is the smallest price movement that a currency exchange rate can make.  When placing a market order, traders execute the order at the best available price in the market. The execution price will be the current ask price for a buy order and the bid price for a sell order. The difference between the bid and ask price at the time of execution is the spread.

Bid price = The price at which you can sell

Ask price = The price at which you can buy

Spread = Ask Price – Bid Price

In the example from POEMS 2.0 shown in the image, we can see the order ticket for EUR/USD FX CFD, where the bid and ask prices are shown on both sides, with a spread of 0.4 in the middle.

One significant advantage of FX CFD is the ability to go both long and short on currency pairs. This flexibility allows traders to profit from both bullish or bearish market movements. In volatile markets, the ability to short allows traders to profit from price declines, giving them opportunities in both trending and ranging market conditions. Effective long and short strategies require a deep understanding of market analysis, including technical and fundamental factors that influence the currency pair movements.

Leverage is a powerful tool that allows traders to establish a larger position with a relatively smaller amount of capital. This involves putting up a margin, the required funds in a trading account to open and maintain a position.

Normally, 1 standard lot is equivalent to 100,000 units, but at Poems CFD, our FX CFDs are offered in mini lots which is 10,000 units for a FX currency pair. For a 10K contract, 1 pip movement is equivalent to USD$10.

Mini lots offer traders enhanced flexibility in risk management, allowing them to precisely control the size of their positions, for more accurate risk calculations. This enables traders to manage their exposure more granularly as traders with mini lots can diversify their portfolios more effectively, spreading capital across multiple smaller positions instead of concentrating on a few large ones, thereby reducing the risk associated with individual trades.

While leverage in FX CFD trading can amplify potential profits, it also comes with certain risks and drawbacks. Trading with leverage involves using borrowed funds, and this comes with the requirement for maintaining a margin. If the market moves against you, your losses will be amplified and you might be issued with a margin call, which will require you to deposit more funds into your account or reduce your positions.

Enjoy ZERO commission and NO finance charge for all 39 FX pairs available for CFD trading from as low as 5% margin.

On top of this, there are also NO Platform fees and NO Market Data fees!

We offer competitive spreads that are usually as low as 0.3 to 0.4 pips. This means that you can enter and exit positions with reduced expenses contributing to overall cost efficiency.

For traders engaged in strategies like scalping or day trading where positions are opened and closed within short time frames, competitive spreads are very crucial where narrower spreads facilitate quicker and more frequent traders which align with the rapid pace of these trading styles.

The FX market is the largest and most liquid market in the world, with trillions of dollars traded daily. With FX CFD, you can now access the largest financial market, 24 hours a day, 5 days a week.

Enjoy a hassle-free trading experience with a single CFD trading account that enables you to access different currencies and asset classes such as Equities, Commodities and Indices. Choose from an extensive selection of over 5,000 counters, all available from just 1 account!

If you are an existing POEMS account holder, you can simply opt-in for the CFD Trading facility on POEMS 2.0 and POEMS Mobile 3.0. If you are new to Phillip Securities Pte Ltd, create a new account now!

As per the regulatory requirement, all investors are required to complete and pass the Consumer Knowledge Assessment (CKA) and acknowledge the Risk Fact Sheet in order to trade CFD.

We hope this article has enhanced your understanding of forex trading. For more information on our FX CFD, kindly refer to the contract specification page. There are also FREE FX CFD seminars that you can attend to learn more about this derivative product!

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As the pioneer of Singapore’s online trading, POEMS’s award-winning suite of trading platforms offers investors and traders more than 40,000 financial products across global exchanges.

Explore an array of US shares with brokerage fees as low as US$1.88 flat* when you open a Cash Plus Account with us today. Find out more here (terms and conditions apply).

We hope that you have found value reading this article. If you do not have a POEMS account and are interested in trading, you may visit here to open an account with us today.

Lastly, investing in a community can be a highly rewarding experience. Here, you will have the opportunity to interact with us and other seasoned investors who are enthusiastic in sharing their experience and expertise whether it’s through listening or answering questions.

In this community, you will also gain exposure to quality educational materials and stock analysis, to help you appreciate the mindset of seasoned investors and apply concepts you have learned.

We look forward to sharing more insights with you in our growing and enthusiastic Telegram community. Join us now!

For enquiries, please email us at cfd@phillip.com.sg.

Reference

[1] https://www.bis.org/statistics/rpfx22_fx.htm

[2] https://www.phillipcfd.com/understanding-contract-for-difference-cfd/

[3] https://www26.poems.com.sg/Main

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